{"id":2834,"date":"2009-12-14T22:09:20","date_gmt":"2009-12-15T04:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?p=2834"},"modified":"2020-12-29T04:57:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T09:57:25","slug":"european-lime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/european-lime\/","title":{"rendered":"European Lime"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_3743\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3743\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3743\" title=\"European Lime (Tilia x europaea)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"European Lime (Tilia x europaea)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3743\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European Lime (Tilia x europaea)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"#pics\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-424\" title=\"View More Images Below\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/down-arrow.png\" alt=\"View More Images Below\" width=\"196\" height=\"61\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"The Common Name lists the name(s) that most laypeople use when talking about the wood. It can sometimes be vague, because there are some instances where two different species of wood are called by the same common name. This field may also include trade names that are used by wood dealers to help sell the wood by making it sound more attractive.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/common-name\/\"><strong>Common Name(s):<\/strong><\/a> European Lime, Common Lime, Common Linden<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a id=\"\" class=\"\" title=\"In contrast to a wood\u2019s common name, using the scientific or botanical name is a much more precise way of referencing wood: the only downside is that it\u2019s Latin, and doesn\u2019t make much sense to most English-speaking people. The name is listed in two parts: [\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/scientific-name\/\" name=\"\">Scientific Name:<\/a> <\/strong>Tilia x europaea<br \/>\n(hybrid of Tilia platyphyllos and T. cordata; syn. T. vulgaris)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"The distribution indicates the location(s) where the tree is commonly found; that is, where it naturally grows. Additional source data will be included on a wood species if it is commonly grown on a plantation or is harvested from some other non-native area.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/distribution\/\"><strong>Distribution:<\/strong><\/a> Europe<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Beyond just giving a good visualization of how large the tree of a given wood species grows, (in height and diameter), these measurements can also help to give an idea of what size boards\/lumber is available.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/tree-size\/\"><strong>Tree Size:<\/strong><\/a> 65-130 ft (20-40 m) tall, 5-6 ft (1.5-2 m) trunk diameter<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a title=\"This is a measure of a wood\u2019s weight in relation to a preset volume. Usually it\u2019s pounds per cubic foot (lbs\/ft3), or in metric units: kilograms per cubic meter (kg\/m3). However, a wood\u2019s weight will also greatly depend on it\u2019s moisture content (MC); all readings are standardized to reflect the weight at a 12% moisture content.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/average-dried-weight\/\">Average Dried Weight:<\/a> <\/strong>33 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup> (535 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a title=\"Technically, specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of a wood\u2019s density as compared to water. (So if a wood is of the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.) The first number is the basic specific gravity, based on the botanical standard of ovendry weight and green volume. The second number is meant for woodworkers, and is simply a snapshot of the wood\u2019s specific gravity at 12% MC, (that is, both 12% MC weight and volume).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/specific-gravity\/\">Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):<\/a><\/strong> .42, .53<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"The actual number listed is the amount of pounds-force (lbf) or newtons (N) required to imbed a .444 inch (11.28 mm) diameter steel ball into the wood to half the ball\u2019s diameter. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content, unless otherwise noted.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/janka-hardness\/\"><strong>Janka Hardness:<\/strong><\/a> 700 lb<sub>f<\/sub> (3,100 N)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Modulus of rupture, frequently abbreviated as MOR, (sometimes referred to as bending strength), is a measure of a specimen\u2019s strength before rupture. It can be used to determine a wood species\u2019 overall strength; unlike the modulus of elasticity, which measures the wood\u2019s deflection, but not its ultimate strength. (That is to say, some species of wood will bow under stress, but not easily break.)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-rupture\/\"><strong>Modulus of Rupture:<\/strong><\/a>12,380 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> (85.4 MPa)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a title=\"In the simplest terms, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) measures a wood\u2019s stiffness, and is a good overall indicator of its strength. Technically it\u2019s a measurement of the ratio of stress placed upon the wood compared to the strain (deformation) that the wood exhibits along its length.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-elasticity\/\">Elastic Modulus:<\/a> <\/strong> 1,698,000 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> (11.71 GPa)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"Sometimes known as compression strength parallel to the grain, this is a measurement of the wood\u2019s maximum crushing strength when weight is applied to the ends of the wood (compression is parallel to the grain). This number is a good indicator of the wood\u2019s strength in applications such as deck posts, chair legs, or other circumstances where the load being applied is parallel rather than perpendicular to the grain.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/crushing-strength\/\"><strong>Crushing Strength:<\/strong><\/a> 6,500 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> (44.8 MPa)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a title=\"This denotes how much the wood will shrink dimensionally when going from green to ovendry MC. This is a good overall indicator of the wood's stability when encountering changes in humidity.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/dimensional-shrinkage\/\"><strong>Shrinkage:<\/strong><\/a> Radial: 5.0%, Tangential: 7.5%, Volumetric: 12.0%, T\/R Ratio: 1.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-color-appearance\/\"><strong>Color\/Appearance:<\/strong><\/a> Pale white to cream color, with only subtle growth rings. The color is mostly uniform throughout the surface of the wood. Tends to age to a yellow or pale brown color over time.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-grain-texture\/\">Grain\/Texture:<\/a> <\/strong>Has a fine and even texture, which is preferred for wood carvers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-durability\/\">Rot Resistance:<\/a> <\/strong>European Lime is rated as being non-durable in regard to heartwood decay.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-workability\/\"><strong>Workability:<\/strong><\/a> Easy to work, being very soft and light, though sharp cutters must be used during planing or other shaping operations to avoid fuzzy surfaces. Perhaps one of the most suitable wood species for hand carving. European Lime also glues and finishes well.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-odor\/\">Odor:<\/a> <\/strong>No characteristic odor.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\"><strong>Allergies\/Toxicity:<\/strong><\/a> Besides the standard health risks associated with any type of wood dust, no further health reactions have been associated with European Lime. See the articles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\">Wood Allergies and Toxicity<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-dust-safety\/\">Wood Dust Safety<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-pricing-availability\/\"><strong>Pricing\/Availability:<\/strong><\/a> Usually available only in Europe, (with Basswood taking its place in the United States), European Lime is fairly inexpensive within its natural range.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/restricted-and-endangered-wood-species\/\"><strong>Sustainability:<\/strong><\/a> This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Common Uses:<\/strong><\/span> Carvings, veneer, plywood, cutting boards, hat racks, musical instruments, and turned objects.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/span> Species in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-identification\/by-scientific-name\/#tilia\">Tilia genus<\/a> are usually referred to as either <em>Lime<\/em> or <em>Linden <\/em>in Europe, while in the United States the wood is most commonly called <em>Basswood<\/em>. They are unrelated to the lime fruit in the <em>Citrus<\/em> genus. European Lime has good strength-to-weight characteristics, and tends to be slightly heavier and harder than its American counterpart.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/related-species\/\"><strong>Related Species:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/basswood\/\"><strong>Basswood<\/strong> (Tilia americana)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a name=\"pics\"><\/a>Scans\/Pictures: <\/strong>A special thanks to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/about\/#steve\">Steve Earis<\/a> for providing the wood sample and turned photo of this wood species.<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_3743\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3743\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3743\" title=\"European Lime (Tilia x europaea)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"European Lime (Tilia x europaea)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-s.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3743\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European Lime (Tilia x europaea)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_3744\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3744\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3744\" title=\"European Lime (sealed)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"European Lime (sealed)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-sealed-s.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3744\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European Lime (sealed)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_3745\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3745\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3745\" title=\"European Lime (endgrain)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"European Lime (endgrain)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-endgrain-s.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3745\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European Lime (endgrain)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_3746\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3746\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3746\" title=\"European Lime (turned)\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"European Lime (turned)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-lime-turned-s.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3746\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European Lime (turned)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Common Name(s): European Lime, Common Lime, Common Linden Scientific Name: Tilia x europaea (hybrid of Tilia platyphyllos and T. cordata; syn. T. vulgaris) Distribution: Europe Tree Size: 65-130 ft (20-40 m) tall, 5-6 ft (1.5-2 m) trunk diameter Average Dried Weight: 33 lbs\/ft3 (535 kg\/m3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): .42, .53 Janka Hardness: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hardwood"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2834"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26978,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2834\/revisions\/26978"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2834"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2834"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}