{"id":317,"date":"2009-01-02T18:06:12","date_gmt":"2009-01-02T23:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?p=317"},"modified":"2022-07-08T03:25:35","modified_gmt":"2022-07-08T08:25:35","slug":"red-alder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/red-alder\/","title":{"rendered":"Red Alder"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"317\" class=\"elementor elementor-317\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33a29b78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33a29b78\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b0ef680\" data-id=\"7b0ef680\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-757a0817 custom-breadcrumbs elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"757a0817\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/\">Betulaceae<\/a> &gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"> Alnus <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>rubra\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12660498 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12660498\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39db1c25\" data-id=\"39db1c25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53fa58e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53fa58e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25925\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25925\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25925\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25925\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red alder (Alnus rubra)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a654566\" data-id=\"4a654566\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c38fe48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c38fe48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/common-name\/\"><strong>Common Name(s):<\/strong><\/a> Red alder, western red alder<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/scientific-name\/\"><strong>Scientific Name:<\/strong><\/a> <i>Alnus rubra<\/i><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/distribution\/\"><strong>Distribution:<\/strong><\/a> Coastal western North America<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/tree-size\/\"><strong>Tree Size:<\/strong><\/a> 100-130 ft <span class=\"metric\">(30-40 m)<\/span> tall,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2-3 ft <span class=\"metric\">(.6-1 m)<\/span> trunk diameter<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/average-dried-weight\/\"><strong>Average Dried Weight:<\/strong><\/a> 28.0 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(450 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/span><\/p><p><strong><a title=\"Technically, specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of a wood\u2019s density as compared to water. (So if a wood is of the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.) The first number is the basic specific gravity, based on the botanical standard of ovendry weight and green volume. The second number is meant for woodworkers, and is simply a snapshot of the wood\u2019s specific gravity at 12% MC, (that is, both 12% MC weight and volume).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/specific-gravity\/\">Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):<\/a><\/strong> 0.37, 0.45<\/p><p><a title=\"The actual number listed is the amount of pounds-force (lbf) or newtons (N) required to imbed a .444 inch (11.28 mm) diameter steel ball into the wood to half the ball\u2019s diameter. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content, unless otherwise noted.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/janka-hardness\/\"><strong>Janka Hardness:<\/strong><\/a> 590 lb<sub>f<\/sub> <span class=\"metric\">(2,620 N)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"Modulus of rupture, frequently abbreviated as MOR, (sometimes referred to as bending strength), is a measure of a specimen\u2019s strength before rupture. It can be used to determine a wood species\u2019 overall strength; unlike the modulus of elasticity, which measures the wood\u2019s deflection, but not its ultimate strength. (That is to say, some species of wood will bow under stress, but not easily break.)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-rupture\/\"><strong>Modulus of Rupture:<\/strong><\/a> 9,800 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(67.6 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"In the simplest terms, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) measures a wood\u2019s stiffness, and is a good overall indicator of its strength. Technically it\u2019s a measurement of the ratio of stress placed upon the wood compared to the strain (deformation) that the wood exhibits along its length.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-elasticity\/\"><strong>Elastic Modulus:<\/strong><\/a> 1,380,000 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(9.52 GPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"Sometimes known as compression strength parallel to the grain, this is a measurement of the wood\u2019s maximum crushing strength when weight is applied to the ends of the wood (compression is parallel to the grain). This number is a good indicator of the wood\u2019s strength in applications such as deck posts, chair legs, or other circumstances where the load being applied is parallel rather than perpendicular to the grain.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/crushing-strength\/\"><strong>Crushing Strength:<\/strong><\/a> 5,820 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(40.1 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/dimensional-shrinkage\/\"><strong>Shrinkage:<\/strong><\/a> Radial: 4.4%, Tangential: 7.3%,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Volumetric: 12.6%, T\/R Ratio: 1.7<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-737089ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"737089ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#pics\"><i class=\"fa fa-camera-retro fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>More images<\/strong><\/a> | <a href=\"#identification\"><i class=\"fa fa-search fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>Identification<\/strong><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3362703a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3362703a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3005f430\" data-id=\"3005f430\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7064ee83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7064ee83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-color-appearance\/\"><strong>Color\/Appearance:<\/strong><\/a> Red alder tends to be a light tan to reddish brown; color darkens and reddens with age. There is no visible distinction between heartwood and sapwood. Large aggregate rays appear as occasional small streaks on the face grain that can be mistaken for defects in the wood.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-grain-texture\/\">Grain\/Texture:<\/a> <\/strong>Grain is generally straight, with a moderately fine, uniform texture.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-durability\/\">Rot Resistance:<\/a> <\/strong>Red alder is rated non-durable to perishable regarding decay\u00a0 resistance, and freshly cut logs should be quickly converted into lumber and dried to prevent staining or decay in the wood.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-workability\/\"><strong>Workability:<\/strong><\/a> Red alder is very easy to work with both hand and machine tools; it sands especially easy. The wood is rather soft, however, and care must be taken to avoid denting it in some applications. Turns, glues, and finishes well.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-odor\/\">Odor:<\/a> <\/strong>No characteristic odor.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\"><strong>Allergies\/Toxicity:<\/strong><\/a> Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, alder in the <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"><em>Alnus<\/em> genus<\/a> has been reported to cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. See the articles <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\">Wood Allergies and Toxicity<\/a> and <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-dust-safety\/\">Wood Dust Safety<\/a> for more information.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-pricing-availability\/\"><strong>Pricing\/Availability:<\/strong><\/a> Red alder is usually sold in two different grades: knotty and clear. Knotty red alder is usually inexpensive, on par with other domestic utility woods. Clear red alder is more expensive, closer to other domestic cabinet hardwoods.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/restricted-and-endangered-wood-species\/\"><strong>Sustainability:<\/strong><\/a> This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, and is reported by the IUCN as being a species of least concern.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Common Uses:<\/strong><\/span> Veneer, plywood, furniture, cabinetry, millwork, pallets, musical instruments (electric guitar bodies), and chip\/pulp wood.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/span> Red alder is the most abundant hardwood in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, and is a commercially important lumber. The wood has good stability with little movement in service once fully dried. It&#8217;s sometimes used as a lower-cost alternative to <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/black-cherry\/\">black cherry <em>(Prunus serotina)<\/em><\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50736512 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50736512\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a0370d\" data-id=\"1a0370d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3ad2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"5a3ad2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"pics\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"datab-3208221279\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7069983f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7069983f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20bc90a8\" data-id=\"20bc90a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f10eb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77f10eb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Images:<\/strong><\/span> Drag the slider up\/down to toggle between raw and finished wood.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-71cb3a04 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"71cb3a04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5aeec6bb\" data-id=\"5aeec6bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap 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src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-75x150.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25926 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra2-75x150.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> <\/div><\/div>\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function(){\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-container\").twentytwenty({\n\t\t\t\t\tdefault_offset_pct: 0.5, \n\t\t\t\t\torientation: 'vertical',\n\t\t\t\t\tmove_on_hover: false,\n\t\t\t\t\tis_wiggle: false,\n\t\t\t\t\twiggle_timeout: 1000\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx {\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\tmax-width: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx.twentytwenty-hover .twentytwenty-overlay:hover {\n\t\t\t    background: rgba(0,0,0, 0.5);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-before-label:before, \n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-after-label:before 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rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); \n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-left-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-right: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-right-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-left: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-up-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-bottom: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-BJSTRx .twentytwenty-down-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-top: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b52f8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b52f8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6iU0LXuZx7w&amp;autoplay=1&amp;controls=0&amp;rel=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;loop=1\"><i class=\"fa fa-play\"><\/i> Watch video of wood finish being applied.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-35159f14\" data-id=\"35159f14\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32a71b17 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32a71b17\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e2fa71b\" data-id=\"1e2fa71b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fd3a31\" data-id=\"3fd3a31\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1bcccb5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1bcccb5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"identification\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b96e192\" data-id=\"4b96e192\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c81c1e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c81c1e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\" name=\"identification\"><strong>Identification:<\/strong><\/a> See the article on <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\">Hardwood Anatomy<\/a> for definitions of endgrain features.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f3389fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f3389fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f655fd8\" data-id=\"f655fd8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aab3d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aab3d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25928\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25928\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25928\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra4-225x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25928\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red alder (endgrain 10x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a96719d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a96719d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25927\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25927\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25927\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3-225x45.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"45\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3-225x45.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3-600x120.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3-100x20.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra3.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25927\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red alder (endgrain 1x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52949c10\" data-id=\"52949c10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-173ca589 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"173ca589\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#porosity\"><strong>Porosity:<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0diffuse porous<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#arrangement\"><strong>Arrangement:<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0commonly in clusters\u00a0or radial multiples of two to four<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#size\"><strong>Vessels:<\/strong><\/a> small to medium pores, numerous<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#paratracheal\"><strong>Parenchyma:<\/strong><\/a> banded (marginal), and diffuse-in-aggregates\u2014though generally not visible<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#rays\"><strong>Rays:<\/strong><\/a> narrow, close spacing; aggregate rays are sporadically spaced and very wide<\/p><p><span class=\"ejm\"><strong>Lookalikes\/Substitutes:<\/strong><\/span> The wood of\u00a0<a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/black-cherry\/\">black cherry\u00a0<em>(Prunus serotina)<\/em><\/a> bears a superficial resemblance to red alder. However, black cherry will lack aggregate rays and have a semi-ring-porous pore arrangement with gradually decreasing pore size in the latewood sections.<\/p><p><span class=\"ejm\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0The defining characteristic of\u00a0<a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"><em>Alnus<\/em><\/a>\u00a0species is its large, very sporadically occurring aggregate rays. On the face grain of the wood, the rays may be mistaken for occasional defects in the wood. With the exception of\u00a0<a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fagaceae\/quercus\/\">oak species\u00a0<em>(Quercus<\/em>\u00a0genus)<\/a>, alder stands as one of the few temperate species in the northern hemisphere that have aggregate rays.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69d3bf85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69d3bf85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4256332e\" data-id=\"4256332e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41815ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"41815ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/\">Betulaceae<\/a> &gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"> Alnus <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>Related Species\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c61f415 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c61f415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"facetwp-template\" data-name=\"alnus\"><div class=\"row\">    \n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/andean-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, Andean<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus acuminata)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/european-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, European<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus glutinosa)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/grey-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, grey<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus incana)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/aliso-del-cerro\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Aliso del cerro<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus jorullensis)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/nepalese-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-nepalensis-1-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, Nepalese<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus nepalensis)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/red-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, red<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus rubra)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f26190b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f26190b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d003451\" data-id=\"5d003451\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c65b95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18c65b95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Related Content:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c0c94b3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c0c94b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-283800b2\" data-id=\"283800b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33af9992 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33af9992\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_31162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31162\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/machinability-of-domestic-hardwoods\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-banner wp-image-31162\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/machinability.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/machinability-of-domestic-hardwoods\/\"><strong>Machinability of Domestic Hardwoods<\/strong> A total of 27 different US hardwoods, ranked by their ease of working with machine tools.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44c32b7a\" data-id=\"44c32b7a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b71935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b71935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21078\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21078\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><strong>WOOD! Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide<\/strong> All that makes The Wood Database unique, distilled into one potent book.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-667a96d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"667a96d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1db6c479\" data-id=\"1db6c479\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ba0a5fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ba0a5fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21077\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21077\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><strong>Worldwide Woods, Ranked by Hardness<\/strong> Over 500 woods arranged into eight geographic regions and ranked by Janka hardness\u2014all on one 24&#8243; x 36&#8243; poster.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-367e603e\" data-id=\"367e603e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11697def elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11697def\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_22588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22588\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22588 size-banner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><strong>Wood Filter<\/strong> Search, sort, and filter hundreds of woods from across the globe and break out of the ordinary!<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-160cb46f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"160cb46f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a465efb\" data-id=\"3a465efb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b05cefa elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"7b05cefa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"datab-843873888\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&gt; Hardwoods &gt; Betulaceae &gt; Alnus &gt; rubra Common Name(s): Red alder, Scientific Name: Distribution: Coastal western North America Tree Size: 100-130 ft (30-40 m) tall, 2-3 ft (.6-1 m) trunk diameter Average Dried Weight: lbs\/ft3 ( kg\/m3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): , Janka Hardness: lbf ( N) Modulus of Rupture: lbf\/in2 ( MPa) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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