{"id":3342,"date":"2010-04-09T18:44:16","date_gmt":"2010-04-10T00:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?p=3342"},"modified":"2021-02-25T01:25:16","modified_gmt":"2021-02-25T06:25:16","slug":"european-alder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/european-alder\/","title":{"rendered":"European alder"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3342\" class=\"elementor elementor-3342\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ded853e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ded853e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e1ae2e1\" data-id=\"5e1ae2e1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7312d8a6 custom-breadcrumbs elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7312d8a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/\">Betulaceae<\/a> &gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"> Alnus <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>glutinosa\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a0e85db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a0e85db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a9eb3ec\" data-id=\"6a9eb3ec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69cd00cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69cd00cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25900\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25900\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25900\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European alder (Alnus glutinosa)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c13d63d\" data-id=\"3c13d63d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45304233 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45304233\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/common-name\/\"><strong>Common Name(s):<\/strong><\/a> European alder, black alder, common alder<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/scientific-name\/\"><strong>Scientific Name:<\/strong><\/a> Alnus glutinosa<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/distribution\/\"><strong>Distribution:<\/strong><\/a> Western Europe<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/tree-size\/\"><strong>Tree Size:<\/strong><\/a> 65-80 ft <span class=\"metric\">(20-25 m)<\/span> tall,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1-2 ft <span class=\"metric\">(.3-.6 m)<\/span> trunk diameter<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/average-dried-weight\/\"><strong>Average Dried Weight:<\/strong><\/a> 33.3 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(535 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/span><\/p><p><strong><a title=\"Technically, specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of a wood\u2019s density as compared to water. (So if a wood is of the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.) The first number is the basic specific gravity, based on the botanical standard of ovendry weight and green volume. The second number is meant for woodworkers, and is simply a snapshot of the wood\u2019s specific gravity at 12% MC, (that is, both 12% MC weight and volume).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/specific-gravity\/\">Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):<\/a><\/strong> .41, 0.53<\/p><p><a title=\"The actual number listed is the amount of pounds-force (lbf) or newtons (N) required to imbed a .444 inch (11.28 mm) diameter steel ball into the wood to half the ball\u2019s diameter. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content, unless otherwise noted.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/janka-hardness\/\"><strong>Janka Hardness:<\/strong><\/a> 650 lb<sub>f<\/sub> <span class=\"metric\">(2,890 N)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"Modulus of rupture, frequently abbreviated as MOR, (sometimes referred to as bending strength), is a measure of a specimen\u2019s strength before rupture. It can be used to determine a wood species\u2019 overall strength; unlike the modulus of elasticity, which measures the wood\u2019s deflection, but not its ultimate strength. (That is to say, some species of wood will bow under stress, but not easily break.)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-rupture\/\"><strong>Modulus of Rupture:<\/strong><\/a> 13,260 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(91.4 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"In the simplest terms, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) measures a wood\u2019s stiffness, and is a good overall indicator of its strength. Technically it\u2019s a measurement of the ratio of stress placed upon the wood compared to the strain (deformation) that the wood exhibits along its length.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/modulus-of-elasticity\/\"><strong>Elastic Modulus:<\/strong><\/a> 1,596,000 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(11.01 GPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a title=\"Sometimes known as compression strength parallel to the grain, this is a measurement of the wood\u2019s maximum crushing strength when weight is applied to the ends of the wood (compression is parallel to the grain). This number is a good indicator of the wood\u2019s strength in applications such as deck posts, chair legs, or other circumstances where the load being applied is parallel rather than perpendicular to the grain.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/crushing-strength\/\"><strong>Crushing Strength:<\/strong><\/a> 5,770 lb<sub>f<\/sub>\/in<sup>2<\/sup> <span class=\"metric\">(39.8 MPa)<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/dimensional-shrinkage\/\"><strong>Shrinkage:<\/strong><\/a> Radial: 3.6%, Tangential: 7.0%,<\/p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Volumetric: 11.0%, T\/R Ratio: 1.9<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eee522f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eee522f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#pics\"><i class=\"fa fa-camera-retro fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>More images<\/strong><\/a> | <a href=\"#identification\"><i class=\"fa fa-search fa-lg\"><\/i> <strong>Identification<\/strong><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2139b0d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2139b0d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f78da97\" data-id=\"6f78da97\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e5bd03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21e5bd03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-color-appearance\/\"><strong>Color\/Appearance:<\/strong><\/a> European alder tends to be light tan to reddish brown; color darkens and reddens with age. There is no visible distinction between heartwood and sapwood. Large aggregate rays appear as occasional small streaks on the face grain that can be mistaken for defects in the wood.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-grain-texture\/\">Grain\/Texture:<\/a> <\/strong>Grain is usually straight, but can also be wild or irregular depending on the growth form of each individual tree. With a fine, even texture<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-durability\/\">Rot Resistance:<\/a> <\/strong>European alder is rated non-durable to perishable regarding decay resistance. Freshly cut logs should be quickly converted into lumber and dried to prevent staining or decay in the wood.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-workability\/\"><strong>Workability:<\/strong><\/a> European alder is very easy to work with both hand and machine tools; it sands especially easy. The wood is rather soft, however, and care must be taken to avoid denting it in some applications. European alder has excellent gluing, staining, and finishing properties; it also turns well and behaves similar to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/black-cherry\/\">Black Cherry<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-odor\/\">Odor:<\/a> <\/strong>No characteristic odor.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\"><strong>Allergies\/Toxicity:<\/strong><\/a> Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, alder in the <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"><em>Alnus<\/em> genus<\/a> has been reported to cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. See the articles <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-allergies-and-toxicity\/\">Wood Allergies and Toxicity<\/a> and <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-dust-safety\/\">Wood Dust Safety<\/a> for more information.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/wood-pricing-availability\/\"><strong>Pricing\/Availability:<\/strong><\/a> European alder is not commonly available as lumber. Board widths are likely to be narrow as a result of the small diameter of the tree itself. When available, the price should most likely be moderate.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/restricted-and-endangered-wood-species\/\"><strong>Sustainability:<\/strong><\/a> This wood species is not listed in the CITES Appendices, and is reported by the IUCN as being a species of least concern.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Common Uses:<\/strong><\/span> Veneer, plywood, charcoal for gunpowder, clogs, piles\/supports, and turned items.<\/p><\/blockquote><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Comments:<\/strong><\/span> Although the tree has a wide distribution throughout Europe, and is commonly found near wet areas such as ponds and marshes, alder has not been used very commonly for lumber or woodworking purposes.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One historical use where the timber has been employed comes from an unlikely source: despite its poor durability above ground (where it quickly rots and decays), alder is quite durable underwater. It&#8217;s been used for piles and supports, most notably throughout the city of Venice, Italy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-40d49d43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"40d49d43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a834f2e\" data-id=\"3a834f2e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6095728a elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"6095728a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"pics\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"datab-3772603288\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-608b2150 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"608b2150\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2a81b02\" data-id=\"2a81b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7968749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7968749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Images:<\/strong><\/span> Drag the slider up\/down to toggle between raw and finished wood. A special thanks to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/about\/#steve\">Steve Earis<\/a>\u00a0for providing the wood sample of this wood species.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16338109 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16338109\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26464917\" data-id=\"26464917\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div 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https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa2-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa2-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa2.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"> <\/div><\/div>\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\t\t\tjQuery(window).load(function(){\n\t\t\t\tjQuery(\"#twentytwenty-9auEXQ .twentytwenty-container\").twentytwenty({\n\t\t\t\t\tdefault_offset_pct: 0.5, \n\t\t\t\t\torientation: 'vertical',\n\t\t\t\t\tmove_on_hover: false,\n\t\t\t\t\tis_wiggle: false,\n\t\t\t\t\twiggle_timeout: 1000\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ {\n\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\tmax-width: 100%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ.twentytwenty-hover .twentytwenty-overlay:hover {\n\t\t\t    background: rgba(0,0,0, 0.5);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ 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.twentytwenty-vertical .twentytwenty-handle:after {\n\t\t\t\t-webkit-box-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\t-moz-box-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5);\n\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: -3px 0 0 #ffffff, 0px 0px 12px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); \n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ .twentytwenty-left-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-right: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ .twentytwenty-right-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-left: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ .twentytwenty-up-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-bottom: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#twentytwenty-9auEXQ .twentytwenty-down-arrow {\n\t\t\t\tborder-top: 6px solid #ffffff;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36c1b186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36c1b186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fl1dBIEbMoA&amp;autoplay=1&amp;controls=0&amp;rel=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;loop=1\"><i class=\"fa fa-play\"><\/i> Watch video of wood finish being applied.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47671af8\" data-id=\"47671af8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2f4ad0a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2f4ad0a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70c8f3e7\" data-id=\"70c8f3e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dde1e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dde1e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_3703\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3703\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-3703\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage-400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage-400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/european-alder-foliage.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3703\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European alder (foliage illustration)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1193eb15\" data-id=\"1193eb15\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d55685 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d55685\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"identification\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a9b1ed6\" data-id=\"7a9b1ed6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4df2ad1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4df2ad1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\" name=\"identification\"><strong>Identification:<\/strong><\/a> See the article on <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/\">Hardwood Anatomy<\/a> for definitions of endgrain features.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4c4c2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4c4c2d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c62a8bf\" data-id=\"3c62a8bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-776b890 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"776b890\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25903\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25903\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25903\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa4-225x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25903\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European alder (endgrain 10x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299fc77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"299fc77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_25902\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25902\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3-225x45.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"45\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3-225x45.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3-600x120.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3-100x20.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa3.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25902\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">European alder (endgrain 1x)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33bb26fb\" data-id=\"33bb26fb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4410fcdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4410fcdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#porosity\"><strong>Porosity:<\/strong><\/a> diffuse porous<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#arrangement\"><strong>Arrangement:<\/strong><\/a> commonly in clusters or radial multiples of two to four<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#size\"><strong>Vessels:<\/strong><\/a> small to medium, moderately numerous to numerous<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#paratracheal\"><strong>Parenchyma:<\/strong><\/a> generally not visible<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/hardwood-anatomy\/#rays\"><strong>Rays:<\/strong><\/a> narrow, with close spacing; aggregate rays are sporadically spaced and very wide<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Lookalikes\/Substitutes:<\/strong><\/span> The wood of <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pear\/\">pear <em>(Pyrus communis)<\/em><\/a> bears a superficial resemblance to European alder. However, pear will lack aggregate rays and have a smaller, more numerous pores occurring solitarily rather than in radial multiples.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/span> The defining characteristic of\u00a0<a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"><em>Alnus<\/em><\/a>\u00a0species is its large, very sporadically occurring aggregate rays. On the face grain of the wood, the rays may be mistaken for occasional defects in the wood. With the exception of <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fagaceae\/quercus\/\">oak species\u00a0<em>(Quercus<\/em> genus)<\/a>, alder stands as one of the few temperate species in the northern hemisphere that has aggregate rays.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-555890af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"555890af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7adb9afa\" data-id=\"7adb9afa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50e93ec5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"50e93ec5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/\"><!-- home --><i class=\"fa fa-home\"><\/i><\/a><strong> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/\">Hardwoods<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/\">Betulaceae<\/a> &gt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/betulaceae\/alnus\/\"> Alnus <\/a>&gt; <\/strong>Related Species\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a81ae95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a81ae95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"facetwp-template\" data-name=\"alnus\"><div class=\"row\">    \n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/andean-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, Andean<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus acuminata)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/european-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, European<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus glutinosa)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/grey-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-glutinosa-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, grey<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus incana)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/aliso-del-cerro\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Aliso del cerro<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus jorullensis)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/nepalese-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-nepalensis-1-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, Nepalese<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus nepalensis)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n    <!-- a six column wide div for each post -->\n    <div class=\"col-md-6\">\n     <p align=\"center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/red-alder\/\">\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alnus-rubra-250x167.jpg\" class=\"attachment-banner size-banner wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\n<br><strong>Alder, red<\/strong><br><em>(Alnus rubra)<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/br>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48125fe5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48125fe5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c2bad21\" data-id=\"6c2bad21\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-394a3286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"394a3286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #105378;\"><strong>Related Content:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-37dc4b23 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"37dc4b23\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-278eac89\" data-id=\"278eac89\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e6ae7e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e6ae7e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_22588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22588\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22588 size-banner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-finder-art.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-filter\/\"><strong>Wood Filter<\/strong> Search, sort, and filter hundreds of woods from across the globe and break out of the ordinary!<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62a23158\" data-id=\"62a23158\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7506f2f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7506f2f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21078\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21078\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21078\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wood-book-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21078\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/book\/\"><strong>WOOD! Identifying and Using Hundreds of Woods Worldwide<\/strong> All that makes The Wood Database unique, distilled into one potent book.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-17780a68 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"17780a68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48fdb963\" data-id=\"48fdb963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d11b100 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d11b100\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21077\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21077\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21077\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/janka-poster-profile-225x150.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21077\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><strong>Worldwide Woods, Ranked by Hardness<\/strong> Over 500 woods arranged into eight geographic regions and ranked by Janka hardness\u2014all on one 24&#8243; x 36&#8243; poster.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f718507\" data-id=\"1f718507\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d70dc0d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d70dc0d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2862e937\" data-id=\"2862e937\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd6297 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget\" data-id=\"1cdd6297\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"datab-3328499684\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3550840598661096\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display:block; text-align:center;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" \ndata-ad-slot=\"7018119591\" \ndata-ad-layout=\"in-article\"\ndata-ad-format=\"fluid\"><\/ins>\n<script> \n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); \n<\/script>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&gt; Hardwoods &gt; Betulaceae &gt; Alnus &gt; glutinosa Common Name(s): European alder, Scientific Name: Distribution: Western Europe Tree Size: 65-80 ft (20-25 m) tall, 1-2 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter Average Dried Weight: lbs\/ft3 ( kg\/m3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): , Janka Hardness: lbf ( N) Modulus of Rupture: lbf\/in2 ( MPa) Elastic Modulus: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25900,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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