{"id":3368,"date":"2010-04-19T21:06:33","date_gmt":"2010-04-20T03:06:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?page_id=3368"},"modified":"2025-07-07T01:52:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T06:52:23","slug":"restricted-and-endangered-wood-species","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/restricted-and-endangered-wood-species\/","title":{"rendered":"Restricted and Endangered Wood Species"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3368\" class=\"elementor elementor-3368\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e447aea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e447aea\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c90d0cd\" data-id=\"6c90d0cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ea25d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ea25d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>by Eric Meier<\/strong><\/p><p>The ethical issues surrounding the harvesting of trees for lumber are both expansive and ambiguous. Concerns about sustainability and habitat destruction prompt many of these ethical questions. For instance, can a given species continue to reproduce at a sustainable rate given the current rate of harvesting? Even if a tree species can be sustainably harvested from the wild, would doing so destroy or endanger other species in the same habitat? Will harvesting encroach upon indigenous peoples\u2019 rights and\/or local communities\u2019 well-being?<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_26829\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26829\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26829 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s-600x467.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"467\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s-600x467.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s-225x175.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s-100x78.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s-768x597.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/monkey-puzzle-bowl-s.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26829\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bowl made from CITES-restricted Monkey puzzle wood, harmlessly <br \/>collected from ornamental tree far outside species&#8217; natural range<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Further mixed into this murky cocktail is the fact that for some countries (especially poorer third-world countries) lumber is big business, and placing a restriction on such a lucrative sector of commerce would be seen as counter-productive, and consequently, actual or potential levels of exploitation may not be easily or readily discovered.<\/p><p>However, despite the\u00a0complexity\u00a0of the issue, and the incomplete or even possibly faulty data, <em>some<\/em> information is better than <em>no<\/em> information. With these shortcomings in mind, there are two international entities that will be used and cited on this website, <a href=\"#cites\">CITES<\/a> and the <a href=\"#iucn\">IUCN<\/a>. A brief way to distinguish the two is to think of CITES as dealing more on the legal side of the issue, while IUCN pertains to the environmental side.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-713e5b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"713e5b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"23163\" class=\"elementor elementor-23163\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a06f716 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a06f716\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e0b4f8\" data-id=\"3e0b4f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb37aa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb37aa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\n<!-- 2019-inline-article-elementor -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:block\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"6514411072\"\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5568195 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5568195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><strong><a name=\"cites\"><\/a>CITES: A Question of Legality<\/strong><\/h1>\nAn international agreement between most world governments was formed in 1973, called the <strong>Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species<\/strong>, or CITES for short. Since its formation, CITES has held a convention of involved countries every three years. During this time, species can be added (or re-evaluated and removed) to a three-tiered list of endangered species that&#8217;s come to be known as simply as the &#8220;Appendices.&#8221; The Appendices, technically a single document, has three different levels of protection for species.\n<blockquote><strong>Appendix I<\/strong> &#8211; This appendix represents species that are in the most danger and are considered to be threatened with extinction, and are consequently the most restricted in international trade. (For wood, this also includes finished products made of the wood too.)<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><strong>Appendix II<\/strong> &#8211; This appendix contains species that are at risk in the wild, but not necessarily threatened with extinction. Species in this appendix are closely regulated, but are typically not as restricted as Appendix I.<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><strong>Appendix III<\/strong> &#8211; This appendix contains species that a certain country (called a <em>&#8220;party&#8221;<\/em> within CITES), has voluntarily requested to be regulated in order to help preserve the species in question. Appendix III species regulation is only applicable for the specific party that has requested its inclusion, and is therefore less restrictive than Appendix I or II.<\/blockquote>\n\nAlthough there are literally thousands of plant species protected under CITES, only a portion of these species are trees, and of the included tree species, only a relatively small portion of them are actually used as lumber. Thus, the list below is a condensed and simplified version of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cites.org\/eng\/app\/appendices.php\">CITES Appendices<\/a>, including only the species of trees that are typically used or harvested for lumber.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b67582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b67582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><h3>Common<br> Name<\/h3><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><h3> Scientific<br> Name<\/h3><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><h3>CITES<br> Appx.<\/h3><\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><h3>Listing<br> Date<\/h3><\/th><th class=\"column-5\"><h3>Notes<\/h3><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/afrormosia\/\">Afrormosia<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pericopsis elata<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1992.06.11<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes &#8220;transformed&#8221; wood such as edge-shaped millwork<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/afzelia-doussie\/\">Afzelia<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Afzelia spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2023.02.23<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Africa<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Agarwood<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aquilaria spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1995.02.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes wood chips, beads, prayer beads and carvings<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ajo<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Caryocar costaricense<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Alerce<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fitzroya cupressoides<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Almendro<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dipteryx oleifera<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2003.02.13<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Costa Rica and Nicaragua; includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Aloewood<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gyrinops spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2005.01.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes wood chips, beads, prayer beads and carvings<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/tamo-ash\/\">Ash, tamo<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fraxinus mandshurica<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2014.06.24<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ayuque<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Balmea stormiae<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilwood\/\">Brazilwood<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Paubrasilia echinata <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2007.09.13<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished products; special exemption for re-exported finished bows<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bubinga\/\">Bubinga<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guibourtia spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2017.01.02<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products exceeding 10 kg; musical instruments exempt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cedar, Mulanje<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Widdringtonia whytei<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2019.11.28<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/spanish-cedar\/\">Cedar, Spanish<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cedrela spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2019.11.28<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all Cedrela species from Neotropics because of similarity to C. odorata<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cipres de las Guaitecas<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pilgerodendron uviferum<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cumaru\/\">Cumaru<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dipteryx spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2024.11.25<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Scheduled to be restricted 24 months after initial Nov. 2022 vote.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ebony, Madagascar<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Diospyros spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2011.12.22<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Madagascar<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Fir, Guatemalan<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Abies guatemalensis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-19\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Gavilan<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Oreomunnea pterocarpa<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-20\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ipe\/\">Ipe<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Handroanthus spp.<br \/>\nRoseodendron spp.<br \/>\nTabebuia spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2024.11.25<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Scheduled to be restricted 24 months after initial Nov. 2022 vote.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-21\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/lignum-vitae\/\">Lignum vitae<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Guaiacum spp. <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-22\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/argentine-lignum-vitae\/\">Lignum vitae, Argentine<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Plectrocarpa sarmientoi<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2008.02.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-23\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/macacauba\/\">Macacauba<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Platymiscium parviflorum<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products; only P. parviflorum protected, other Platymiscium species unrestricted<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-24\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Magnolia, egg<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Magnolia liliifera var. obovat<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.11.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-25\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, African<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Khaya spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2023.02.23<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Africa<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-26\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cuban-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, Cuban<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Swietenia mahagoni<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1992.06.11<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-27\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/honduran-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, Honduran<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Swietenia macrophylla<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1995.11.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Neotropics<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-28\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/mexican-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, Mexican<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Swietenia humilis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-29\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/monkey-puzzle\/\">Monkey puzzle<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Araucaria araucana<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-30\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/japanese-oak\/\">Oak, Japanese<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Quercus mongolica<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2014.06.24<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-31\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-padauk\/\">Padauk, African<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pterocarpus spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2023.02.23<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all Pterocarpus species from Africa<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-32\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-pau-rosa\/\">Pau rosa, Brazilian<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Aniba rosaeodora<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2010.06.23<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-33\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pine, Korean<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pinus koraiensis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2010.10.14<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Russia<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-34\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pino del cerro<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Podocarpus parlatorei<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.07.01<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-35\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Podocarp, black pine<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Podocarpus neriifolius<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.11.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Nepal; includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-36\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ramin\/\">Ramin<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Gonystylus spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2001.08.06<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-37\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Brazilian<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dalbergia nigra<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">I<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1992.06.11<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-38\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/siamese-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Siamese<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dalbergia cochinchinensis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2013.03.13<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-39\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fabaceae\/dalbergia\/\">Rosewoods<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dalbergia spp.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2017.01.02<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products exceeding 10 kg; musical instruments exempt (except for Brazilian and Siamese rosewoods)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-40\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sandalwood, East African <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Osyris lanceolata<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2013.06.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from \u00a0Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-41\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Stinkwood, red<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Prunus africana<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1995.02.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes finished wood products<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-42\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Tetracentron<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Tetracentron sinense<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">III<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1975.11.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only wood from Nepal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-43\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yew, Chinese<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Taxus chinensis<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2005.01.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all subspecies and varieties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-44\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yew, Chinese<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Taxus fuana<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2005.01.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all subspecies and varieties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-45\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yew, Himalayan<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Taxus wallichiana<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1995.02.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all subspecies and varieties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-46\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yew, Japanese<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Taxus cuspidata<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2005.01.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all subspecies and varieties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-47\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Yew, Taiwan<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Taxus sumatrana<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">2005.01.12<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Includes all subspecies and varieties<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-48\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/zitan\/\">Zitan<\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pterocarpus santalinus<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">II<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1995.02.16<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><span class=\"notes\">Only restricts logs and wood chips<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-154aa822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"154aa822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Note that a listing generally means that trade of the raw wood, either in log, board, or veneer form, is restricted. On some species, the restriction is even greater, and includes even finished products made of or including a protected wood: one of the most common instances of this is with guitars made of Brazilian Rosewood. In these instances, it is illegal to take such items across international borders without a proper <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/forms\/3-200-32.pdf\">export permit<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you believe that the wood or finished wood product was harvested\/made before the date of the CITES listing, you still cannot legally travel with or export the wood unless you have written proof or other evidence that it was obtained before the listing date. If you have the required evidence, and are willing to pay a processing fee and wait 2-3 months for processing, then you may be eligible for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/forms\/3-200-23.pdf\">Pre-Convention Certificate<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In most cases, importing\/exporting raw wood listed on CITES Appendices I or II can be complicated and costly, and in most cases, is neither legal nor encouraged. Some wood is further restricted to include even finished wood products, and in all but the most exceptional cases, is not recommended.<\/p>\n<p>If ever in doubt on such complicated issues, be sure to consult proper authorities to get a matter clarified.<\/p>\n<ul>\n\t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cites.org\/\">CITES<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120719182312\/http:\/\/www.fws.gov:80\/international\/DMA_DSA\/CITES\/CITES_home.html\">United States Fish and Wildlife Service<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><a name=\"iucn\"><\/a>IUCN<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Founded in 1948, the\u00a0<strong>International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/strong> (or IUCN for short) is both the oldest and largest network dealing with global environmental issues. Perhaps most notably for woodworkers, the IUCN publishes what is known as\u00a0<em>The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species\u2122<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Species included on the Red List fall into one of three categories:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Critically Endangered:<\/strong> Facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Endangered:<\/strong> Not critically endangered, but still facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Vulnerable:<\/strong> Not endangered, but still facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>It should be noted that &#8220;the immediate future&#8221; here is\u00a0relative: the IUCN uses the gauge of three generations to determine a species&#8217; rate of depletion. With mammals and other shorter-lived organisms, this tri-generational window may only be a few years or decades. However, since trees can be extremely long-lived, (several\u00a0decades or even centuries for a single\u00a0generation), the overall timeline for endangered trees is generally more drawn-out than other endangered species.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the three listed categories above, there are also a few other assessments that the IUCN makes on species:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Near Threatened:<\/strong>\u00a0Technically doesn\u2019t meet the Red List criteria of a vulnerable or endangered species, but is close to qualifying and\/or may\u00a0qualify\u00a0in the near future.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Conservation Dependent:<\/strong> Currently the focus of a species or habitat-specific conservation program. Cessation of such conservation programs would shortly result in the species being listed on the Red List.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Data Deficient:<\/strong> Either not enough data to make an accurate\u00a0assessment, or a species&#8217; listing has been disputed or challenged.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Least Concern:<\/strong> Species that aren&#8217;t near threatened, and are not\u00a0dependent\u00a0on conservation efforts.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Not Assessed:<\/strong> Obscure or uncommon species may still be unassessed. Absence from the Red List doesn&#8217;t always imply safety.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>It should also be noted that one unintentional shortcoming of the Red List is that it only considers the risk of extinction; broader issues dealing with habitat destruction or deforestation are not considered. Also, it doesn&#8217;t necessarily take into account the maturity of the trees (i.e., centuries-old trees are cut down, and subsequently replanted with younger trees).<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Red List Species<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>Common Name<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>Scientific Name<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>IUCN Red List Status<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/abura\/\">Abura<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Mitragyna\u00a0spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/afrormosia\/\">Afrormosia<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pericopsis elata<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/afzelia\/\">Afzelia<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Afzelia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable\/Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/balau\/\">Balau<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Shorea spp.<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bois-de-rose\/\">Bois de Rose<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia maritima<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bosse\/\">Bosse<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Guarea cedrata<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilwood\/\">Brazilwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Caesalpinia echinata<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brownheart\/\">Brownheart<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Vouacapoua americana<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bubinga\/\">Bubinga<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Guibourtia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/camatillo\/\">Camatillo<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia congestiflora<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cedar-of-lebanon\/\">Cedar of Lebanon<\/a><\/td>\n<td><em>Cedrus libani<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/port-orford-cedar\/\">Cedar, Port Orford<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Chamaecyparis lawsoniana<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/spanish-cedar\/\">Cedar, Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Cedrela odorata<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cerejeira\/\">Cerejeira<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Amburana cearensis<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/horse-chestnut\/\">Chestnut, horse<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Aesculus hippocastanum<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cocobolo\/\">Cocobolo<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia retusa<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/dorrigo-waratah\/\">Dorrigo waratah<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Alloxylon pinnatum<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brown-ebony\/\">Ebony, Brown<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Caesalpinia paraguariensis<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/gaboon-ebony\/\">Ebony, Gaboon<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Diospyros crassiflora<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/macassar-ebony\/\">Ebony, Macassar<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Diospyros celebica<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/mun-ebony\/\">Ebony, Mun<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Diospyros mun<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/caucasian-elm\/\">Elm, Caucasian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Zelkova carpinifolia<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/etimoe\/\">Etimoe<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Copaifera salikounda<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/fraser-fir\/\">Fir, Fraser<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Abies fraseri<\/td>\n<td>Endangered (in the wild)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/spanish-fir\/\">Fir, Spanish<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Abies pinsapo<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/idigbo\/\">Idigbo<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Terminalia ivorensis<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/imbuia\/\">Imbuia<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Ocotea porosa<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/iroko\/\">Iroko<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Milicia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/keruing\/\">Keruing<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dipterocarpus spp.<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/east-indian-kauri\/\">Kauri, East Indian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Agathis dammara<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/fijian-kauri\/\">Kauri, Fijian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Agathis macrophylla<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/kosipo\/\">Kosipo<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Entandrophragma candollei<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/koto\/\">Koto<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pterygota macrocarpa<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/lignum-vitae\/\">Lignum Vitae<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Guaiacum spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, African<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Khaya spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cuban-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, Cuban<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Swietenia mahogani<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/honduran-mahogany\/\">Mahogany, Honduran<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Swietenia macrophylla<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/makore\/\">Makore<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Tieghemella heckelii<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/dark-red-meranti\/\">Meranti<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Shorea spp.<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/merbau\/\">Merbau<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Intsia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/moabi\/\">Moabi<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Baillonella toxisperma<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/monkey-puzzle\/\">Monkey Puzzle<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Araucaria araucana<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/narra\/\">Narra<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pterocarpus indicus<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/nyatoh\/\">Nyatoh<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Palaquiuim spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/okoume\/\">Okoume<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Aucoumea klaineana<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/peroba-rosa\/\">Peroba Rosa<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Aspidosperma polyneuron<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/longleaf-pine\/\">Pine, Longleaf<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pinus palustris<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/norfolk-island-pine\/\">Pine, Norfolk Island<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Araucaria heterophylla<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/parana-pine\/\">Pine, Parana<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Araucaria angustifolia<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/sumatran-pine\/\">Pine, Sumatran<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pinus merkusii<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ramin\/\">Ramin<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Gonystylus spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/coast-redwood\/\">Redwood, coast<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Sequoia sempervirens<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/dawn-redwood\/\">Redwood, dawn<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Metasequoia glyptostroboides<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Brazilian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia nigra<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burmese-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Burmese<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia oliveri<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/east-indian-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, East Indian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia latifolia<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/madagascar-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Madagascar<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia baronii<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/siamese-rosewood\/\">Rosewood, Siamese<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia\u00a0cochinchinensis<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/sapele\/\">Sapele<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Entandrophragma cylindricum<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/east-indian-satinwood\/\">Satinwood, Ceylon<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Chloroxylon swietenia<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/west-indian-satinwood\/\">Satinwood, West Indian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Zanthoxylum flavum<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/giant-sequoia\/\">Sequoia, giant<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Sequoiadendron giganteum<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/utile\/\">Utile<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Entandrophragma utile<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/claro-walnut\/\">Walnut, Claro<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Juglans californica<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/peruvian-walnut\/\">Walnut, Peruvian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Juglans spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wenge\/\">Wenge<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Millettia laurentii<\/td>\n<td>Endangered<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/zebrawood\/\">Zebrawood<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Microberlinia brazzavillensis<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Borderline IUCN Species<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>Common Name<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>Scientific Name<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>IUCN Status<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/amendoim\/\">Amendoim<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pterogyne nitens<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/andiroba\/\">Andiroba<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Carapa spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/anigre\/\">Anigre<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pouteria spp.<\/td>\n<td>Conservation Dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/rough-barked-apple\/\">Apple, rough-barked<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Angophora floribunda<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/araracanga\/\">Araracanga<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Aspidosperma megalocarpon<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-blackwood\/\">Blackwood, African<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia melanoxylon<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burmese-blackwood\/\">Blackwood, Burmese<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Dalbergia cultrata<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/lumber-identification\/camphor\/\">Camphor<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Cinnamomum spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered\/Vulnerable (three species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/coolibah\/\">Coolibah<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Eucalyptus coolabah<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ebiara\/\">Ebiara<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Berlinia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered\/Vulnerable (three species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ceylon-ebony\/\">Ebony, Ceylon<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Diospyros ebenum<\/td>\n<td>Data Deficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/greenheart\/\">Greenheart<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Chlorocardium rodiei<\/td>\n<td>Data Deficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-juniper\/\">Juniper, African<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Juniperus procera<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/kempas\/\">Kempas<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Koompassia malaccensis<\/td>\n<td>Conservation Dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/keyaki\/\">Keyaki<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Zelkova serrata<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pink-lapacho\/\">Lapacho, pink<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Handroanthus impetiginosus<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/macacauba\/\">Macacauba<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Platymiscium spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/mango\/\">Mango<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Mangifera indica<\/td>\n<td>Data Deficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/black-mesquite\/\">Mesquite, Black<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Prosopis nigra<\/td>\n<td>Data Deficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/muninga\/\">Muninga<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pterocarpus angolensis<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/opepe\/\">Opepe<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Nauclea diderrichii<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/andaman-padauk\/\">Padauk, Andaman<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pterocarpus\u00a0dalbergioides<\/td>\n<td>Data Deficient<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pau-ferro\/\">Pau Ferro<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Machaerium spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/paulownia\/\">Paulownia<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Paulownia spp.<\/td>\n<td>Critically Endangered (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/huon-pine\/\">Pine, Huon<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Lagarostrobos franklinii<\/td>\n<td>Conservation\u00a0Dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/radiata-pine\/\">Pine, Radiata<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pinus radiata<\/td>\n<td>Conservation Dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/sand-pine\/\">Pine, Sand<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pinus clausa<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pistachio\/\">Pistachio<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Pistacia vera<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/purpleheart\/\">Purpleheart<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Peltogyne spp.<\/td>\n<td>Endangered (two species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/quebracho\/\">Quebracho<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Schinopsis spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/rengas\/\">Rengas<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Gluta spp.<\/td>\n<td>Vulnerable (single species)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brown-salwood\/\">Salwood, brown<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Acacia aulacocarpa<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/sugi\/\">Sugi<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Cryptomeria japonica<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/rhodesian-teak\/\">Teak, Rhodesian<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Baikiaea plurijuga<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/verawood\/\">Verawood<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Bulnesia sarmientoi<\/td>\n<td>Conservation Dependent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/english-walnut\/\">Walnut, English<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Juglans regia<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pacific-yew\/\">Yew, Pacific<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Taxus brevifolia<\/td>\n<td>Near Threatened<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<blockquote>\n<p>IUCN 2020.\u00a0<i>The\u00a0<\/i><i>IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3<\/i>. &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org<\/a>&gt;. Downloaded on 22 December 2020.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong>Are you an aspiring wood nerd?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-20844 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Janka-lank-225x330.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"330\" \/><\/a>The poster,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\">Worldwide Woods, Ranked by Hardness,<\/a><\/strong> should be required reading for anyone enrolled in the school of wood nerdery. I have amassed over 500 wood species on a single poster, arranged into eight major geographic regions, with each wood sorted and ranked according to its Janka hardness. Each wood has been meticulously documented and photographed, listed with its Janka hardness value (in lbf) and geographic and global hardness rankings. Consider this: the venerable Red Oak (Quercus rubra) sits at only #33 in North America and #278 worldwide for hardness! Aspiring wood nerds be advised: your syllabus may be calling for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/worldwide-woods\/\"><em>Worldwide Woods<\/em><\/a> as part of your next assignment!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Eric Meier The ethical issues surrounding the harvesting of trees for lumber are both expansive and ambiguous. Concerns about sustainability and habitat destruction prompt many of these ethical questions. For instance, can a given species continue to reproduce at a sustainable rate given the current rate of harvesting? Even if a tree species can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21441,"parent":9,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3368","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3368"}],"version-history":[{"count":61,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44599,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3368\/revisions\/44599"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}