{"id":44912,"date":"2025-11-03T23:44:11","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T04:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/?page_id=44912"},"modified":"2025-12-19T01:42:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T06:42:07","slug":"chinas-hongmu-species","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/chinas-hongmu-species\/","title":{"rendered":"China&#8217;s 29 Hongmu Species: The Official &#8220;Red Wood&#8221; Standard Explained"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"44912\" class=\"elementor elementor-44912\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-486bae42 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"486bae42\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dde742a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dde742a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>by Eric Meier<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>China uses a lot of rosewood. So much so, in fact, that their increasing usage became the impetus for eventually listing <a class=\"ar\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wood-articles\/rosewoods-bubinga-really-banned-cites\/\">the entire <em>Dalbergia<\/em> (rosewood) genus on CITES Appendix II<\/a> back in 2016. But while most of these woods are now protected in international trade as endangered species, not all of China&#8217;s most revered woods have received equal protections. This discrepancy lies in the great diversity of precious woods used in China.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu.pdf\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-44925\" id=\"hongmu\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-600x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-600x424.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-225x159.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-100x71.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu.jpg 1527w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-748b303d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"748b303d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ad07afb\" data-id=\"6ad07afb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6603908d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6603908d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- 2019-inline-article-elementor --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" data-ad-slot=\"6514411072\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea1abea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea1abea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db27933 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db27933\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Hongmu \u7ea2\u6728 \u2014 A name synonymous with prestige<\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44753\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44753\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44753 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5927\u7ea2\u9178\u679d Siamese rosewood <em>(Dalbergia cochinchinensis)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The name <em>hongmu<\/em> literally means &#8220;red wood.&#8221; Originally, the name <em>hongmu<\/em> referred specifically to <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/siamese-rosewood\/\">Siamese rosewood <em>(Dalbergia cochinchinensis)<\/em><\/a>\u2014which makes sense, since this could very fairly be called a &#8220;red wood.&#8221; But while the term started out only applying to a single species, the definition has since deepened and broadened over time to eventually cover a total of 29 distinct species over a total of 8 defined categories. Hence, Siamese rosewood is sometimes called \u8001\u7ea2\u6728 &#8220;old hongmu&#8221; or &#8220;old red wood&#8221; to distinguish it from the other (newer) species of hongmu that have since been adopted into mainstream use.<\/p>\n<p>Today, the term <em>hongmu<\/em> no longer applies exclusively to a single species\u2014or even to wood species that are red. The term is loosely translated into English as &#8220;rosewood,&#8221; but even this term isn&#8217;t entirely accurate either.<\/p>\n<p>Even Siamese rosewood, &#8220;old hongmu,&#8221; was originally considered an alternative, non-native timber among the lumber species in the highest echelons of Chinese furniture. If you go far enough back to the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1636-1912) dynasties you&#8217;ll find two more highly-regarded (and exploited) woods that were used in the high end furniture of the day.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-43b1b9a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"43b1b9a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c52215\" data-id=\"8c52215\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac1552c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ac1552c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- 2019-inline-article-elementor --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3550840598661096\" data-ad-slot=\"6514411072\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-346c8059 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"346c8059\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f14e7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50f14e7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>\u8001\u4e09\u6837\u2014The three original hongmu species<\/h1>\n<p>In addition to the formerly discussed \u5927\u7ea2\u9178\u679d Siamese rosewood, there are two woods that can be appropriately seen as the king and queen of Chinese woods. This royal analogy also helps to underscore the equal-but-different status of these two woods.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b852e71 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5b852e71\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e59794e e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3e59794e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e00c09e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e00c09e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_44741\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44741\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44741\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44741\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7d2b\u6a80 Zitan <br><em>(Pterocarpus santalinus)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fad69b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10fad69b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_21398\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21398\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-21398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21398\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6d77\u5357\u9ec3\u82b1\u68a8 Huanghuali <br \/><i>(Dalbergia odorifera)<\/i><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206e2cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"206e2cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure id=\"attachment_44753\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44753\" style=\"width: 225px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44753 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-225x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-225x450.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-300x600.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-75x150.jpg 75w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5927\u7ea2\u9178\u679d Siamese rosewood <br><em>(Dalbergia cochinchinensis)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb984f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2fb984f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1097f8d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1097f8d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the first wood at the very top of the list, there is \u7d2b\u6a80 (zitan) as the &#8220;king.&#8221;<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u6700\u540e\u7684&#8221;\u8001\u4e09\u6837&#8221;\uff1a\u5927\u7ea2\u9178\u679d\u4e5f\u5df2\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fdc\uff01 [The last of the &#8220;old three&#8221;: Dalbergia cochinchinensis is also gradually moving away!]. (2017, June 9). Haisibot.&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_1');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> This wood has a very high density, a deep reddish purple color, and a very fine grain able to take intricate carved details. These characteristics made it an ideal species for the emperor&#8217;s wood, and its use dates back to at least the year 1287.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Zhang, W. (2023). \u7ea2\u6728\u5bb6\u5177\u7528\u6750\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf [The evolution and development trend of hongmu furniture materials]. <em>Zhongguo Linye Chanye, 12<\/em>(4), 25\u201330.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>Sitting beside this wood is the estimable \u6d77\u5357\u9ec3\u82b1\u68a8 (Hainan huanghuali, or simply just huanghuali) as the &#8220;queen.&#8221; Hailing from the southernmost Chinese island province of Hainan, huanghuali is a proper and true tropical rosewood species of the <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hardwoods\/fabaceae\/dalbergia\/\"><em>Dalbergia<\/em> genus<\/a>. While not quite as dense as zitan, huanghuali boasts a golden honey to orangish red heartwood color, along with a host of figured and light-refracting grain patterns. (One of the most sought after is the \u9b3c\u81c9 ghost-face pattern, usually stemming from a knot or area of circular grain, giving it an eerie, humanoid-like appearance\u2014<a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bocote\/\">bocote <em>(Cordia elaeagnoides)<\/em><\/a> is another hardwood known better to Western woodworkers that also commonly displays this type of grain as well.)<\/p>\n<p>But eventually, this king and queen pair were more or less tapped out, and other similar woods needed to be sought out to fill the void. This is where the original hongmu \u7ea2\u6728 &#8220;red wood&#8221; comes unto play. If hongmu woods were a deck of playing cards, the Siamese rosewood be at the level of a jack.<\/p>\n<h1>Expanding the List Outward<\/h1>\n<p>As a wealthier middle class began to emerge in China, demand for traditional hongmu furniture began to grow to unsustainable levels. As time passed on, more and more species began to be imported and used in Chinese furniture. Some were counterfeits being passed off as the genuine article, while others were just lesser known or lesser utilized. So in addition to the three previously mentioned species, there are 26 other officially recognized hongmu species, for a total of 29 species divided into eight separate categories.<\/p>\n<p>Because there was so much confusion and counterfeits, the Chinese government established an official document outlining the standard hongmu species and the criteria that must be met in order to be considered genuine. That standard first appeared back in 2000 as GB\/T 18107, but has since been updated by a newer standard, officially designated GB\/T 18107-2017.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, &amp; Standardization Administration of the People&#8217;s Republic of China. (2017).&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_44912_1('footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_3');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_44912_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n\n<figure id=\"attachment_44738\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44738\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44738\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-225x150.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-100x67.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu-huali-table.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44738\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Huanghuali table <br><small> &#8220;<a title=\"Kang table, huali wood (Ming dynasty)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/veronika_brazdova\/3244993739\/\">Kang table<\/a>&#8221; (cropped) by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/veronika_brazdova\/\">Veronika Brazdova<\/a>, licensed <a title=\"Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic License\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.5\/\">CC BY 2.5<\/a>. <\/small><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>A crucial distinction is that these standards include both the botanical name as well as a <em>minimum density requirement <\/em>(not to mention anatomy, color and scent requirements). On a practical level, what this means is that it&#8217;s not enough simply to have correctly identified the wood in question, the piece must also be of sufficient weight in order to be qualify for the proper <em>hongmu<\/em> status. Not only does this serve to exclude most counterfeits, but it can also end up filtering out faster-grown plantation trees whose wood may not meet the minimum threshold, but are nonetheless of the correct species.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aside:<\/strong> While on the surface this practice of grading wood based on weight may seem to some to be &#8220;unfair,&#8221; I see it as a very good idea and something of great practical utility. As a woodworker in America, I&#8217;ve seen people worry over whether or not their flooring planks are true <a class=\"hw\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/hard-maple\/\">hard maple <em>(Acer saccharum)<\/em><\/a> or not. Yet what would be much more useful would simply be to weigh a few of the planks and see if they&#8217;re dense enough\u2014and therefore hard enough\u2014regardless of whatever species of maple they might end up being!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26b3fd2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"26b3fd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d919a15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d919a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1>The List of Hongmu Species<\/h1>\n<p>The graphic at the <a class=\"dashed-link\" href=\"#hongmu\">top of this page<\/a> (or <a class=\"dashed-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/hongmu.pdf\">this PDF)<\/a> contains a visual guide of the wood species and their categories. Here&#8217;s a more detailed look at this list.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c44bcfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c44bcfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"hm-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>#<\/th>\n<th>Image<\/th>\n<th class=\"align-left\">Chinese &amp; English Name<\/th>\n<th class=\"align-left\">Scientific Name<\/th>\n<th>Minimum Req. Weight<br \/>\n(@ 12% MC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"hm-zitan\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">1. \u7d2b\u6a80\u6728\u7c7b Zitan Class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">1.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-alt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-44742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-santalinus-alt-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/zitan\/\">\u6a80\u9999\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nZitan<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus santalinus<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\">1000 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(62.4 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-huali\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">2. \u82b1\u68a8\u6728\u7c7b Huali Class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">2.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-erinaceus-figure.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45020\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-erinaceus-figure-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/kosso\/\">\u523a\u732c\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nKosso<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus erinaceus<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"5\">760 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(47.4 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">2.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-indicus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45046\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-indicus-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/narra\/\">\u5370\u5ea6\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nNarra<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus indicus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">2.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-macrocarpus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45053\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-macrocarpus-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burma-padauk\/\">\u5927\u679c\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nBurma padauk<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus macrocarpus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">2.4<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-dalbergioides.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45036\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-dalbergioides-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/andaman-padauk\/\">\u5b89\u8fbe\u66fc\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nAndaman padauk<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus dalbergioides<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">2.5<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-marsupium-alt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45057\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pterocarpus-marsupium-alt-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\">\u56ca\u72b6\u7d2b\u6a80<br \/>\nIndian kino<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Pterocarpus marsupium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-rosewood\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">3. \u9999\u679d\u6728\u7c7b Scented Rosewood Class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">3.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-odorifera-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\">\u964d\u9999\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nHainan Huanghuali<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia odorifera<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\">800 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(49.9 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-black-pungent\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">4. \u9ed1\u9178\u679d\u6728\u7c7b Black Pungent-Scented Rosewoods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cultrata.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21424\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cultrata-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burmese-blackwood\/\">\u5200\u72b6\u9ed1\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nBurmese blackwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia cultrata<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"7\">850 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(53.1 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-latifolia-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-41693\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-latifolia-1-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/east-indian-rosewood\/\">\u9614\u53f6\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nEast Indian rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia latifolia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-maritima-alt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21434\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-maritima-alt-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/bois-de-rose\/\">\u5362\u6c0f\u9ed1\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nBois de rose<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia louvelii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.4<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-melanoxylon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21396\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-melanoxylon-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/african-blackwood\/\">\u4e1c\u975e\u9ed1\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nAfrican Blackwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia melanoxylon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.5<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-nigra.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-nigra-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"Brazilian Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra)\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-rosewood\/\">\u5df4\u897f\u9ed1\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nBrazilian rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia nigra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.6<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-spruceana.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-spruceana-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/amazon-rosewood\/\">\u4e9a\u9a6c\u5b59\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nAmazon rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia spruceana<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">4.7<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-stevensonii.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-stevensonii-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/honduran-rosewood\/\">\u4f2f\u5229\u5179\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nHonduran rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia stevensonii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-red-pungent\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">5. \u7ea2\u9178\u679d\u6728\u7c7b Red Pungent-Scented Rosewoods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-bariensis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21412\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-bariensis-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burmese-rosewood\/\">\u5df4\u91cc\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nVietnamese rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia bariensis<br \/>\n(syn. = Dalbergia oliveri)<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"7\">850 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(53.1 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cearensis-qs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21418\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cearensis-qs-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/kingwood\/\">\u8d5b\u5dde\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nKingwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia cearensis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-44753\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-cochinchinensis-alt-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/siamese-rosewood\/\">\u4ea4\u8dbe\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nSiamese rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia cochinchinensis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.4<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-decipularis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-decipularis-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/brazilian-tulipwood\/\">\u7ed2\u6bdb\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nBrazilian tulipwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia frutescens var. tomentosa<br \/>\n(syn. =Dalbergia frutescens)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.5<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-granadillo-alt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45077\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-granadillo-alt-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\">\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nMexican cocobolo<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia granadillo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.6<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-olivera.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-olivera-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/burmese-rosewood\/\">\u5965\u6c0f\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nBurmese rosewood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia oliveri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">5.7<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-retusa-orange.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21377\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dalbergia-retusa-orange-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/cocobolo\/\">\u5fae\u51f9\u9ec4\u6a80<br \/>\nCocobolo<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Dalbergia retusa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-solid-ebony\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">6. \u4e4c\u6728\u7c7b Solid Ebonies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">6.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-crassiflora.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21519\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-crassiflora-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/gaboon-ebony\/\">\u539a\u74e3\u4e4c\u6728<br \/>\nAfrican ebony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Diospyros crassiflora<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"2\">900 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(56.2 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">6.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-ebenum.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21488\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-ebenum-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/ceylon-ebony\/\">\u4e4c\u6728<br \/>\nCeylon ebony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Diospyros ebenum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-striped-ebony\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">7. \u6761\u7eb9\u4e4c\u6728\u7c7b Striped Ebonies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">7.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-celebica.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21517\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-celebica-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/macassar-ebony\/\">\u82cf\u62c9\u5a01\u897f\u4e4c\u6728<br \/>\nMacassar ebony<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Diospyros celebica<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"3\">900 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(56.2 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">7.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-mun.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-mun-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4e4c\u6728<br \/>\nKamagong<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Diospyros philippensis<br \/>\n(syn. = Diospyros blancoi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">7.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-melanoxylon.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-21496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/diospyros-melanoxylon-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\">\u6bdb\u836f\u4e4c\u6728<br \/>\nStreaked ebony<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Diospyros pilosanthera<br \/>\n(syn. Diospyros oblonga var. oblonga)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody class=\"hm-chicken-wing\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-sec-header\" colspan=\"5\">8. \u9e21\u7fc5\u6728\u7c7b Chicken-Wing Pattern Class<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">8.1<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/millettia-laurentii.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-29370\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/millettia-laurentii-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wenge\/\">\u975e\u6d32\u5d16\u8c46\u6728<br \/>\nWenge<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Millettia laurentii<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-weight\" rowspan=\"3\">800 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n(49.9 lbs\/ft<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">8.2<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/millettia-leucantha.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-44678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/millettia-leucantha-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/thinwin\/\">\u767d\u82b1\u5d16\u8c46\u6728<br \/>\nThinwin<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Millettia leucantha<br \/>\n(syn. Imbralyx leucanthus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"hm-col-num\">8.3<\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/senna-siamea.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-banner wp-image-45086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/senna-siamea-250x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"167\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/pheasantwood\/\">\u94c1\u5200\u6728<br \/>\nPheasantwood<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"hm-col-sci\">Senna siamea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc458ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc458ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65b56d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65b56d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Clarifying the updates<\/h2>\n<p>First, to be clear, the lists between 2000 and 2017 are nearly identical.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_44912_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_44912_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_44912_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_44912_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_44912_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u6700\u540e\u7684&#8221;\u8001\u4e09\u6837&#8221;\uff1a\u5927\u7ea2\u9178\u679d\u4e5f\u5df2\u6e10\u884c\u6e10\u8fdc\uff01 [The last of the &#8220;old three&#8221;: Dalbergia cochinchinensis is also gradually moving away!]. (2017, June 9). <a class=\"ext-footnote\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220124093836\/http:\/\/www.haisibot.com\/news!show.action?id=8c75e902bb7044e3820b037ad02669df\"><em>Haisibot.<\/em><\/a> Retrieved August 5, 2025.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_44912_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Zhang, W. (2023). \u7ea2\u6728\u5bb6\u5177\u7528\u6750\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf [The evolution and development trend of hongmu furniture materials]. <em>Zhongguo Linye Chanye, 12<\/em>(4), 25\u201330.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_44912_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_44912_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_44912_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People&#8217;s Republic of China, &amp; Standardization Administration of the People&#8217;s Republic of China. (2017). <i>H\u00f3ngm\u00f9<\/i> [Hongmu] (Standard No. GB\/T 18107-2017). State Administration for Market Regulation. <a class=\"ng-star-inserted ext-footnote\" href=\"https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/gb\/newGbInfo?hcno=6E961C6DB78254EF883B5053D08BFA3B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-hveid=\"0\" data-ved=\"0CAAQ_4QMahcKEwjxifHGgf6QAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQOg\"><span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">https:\/\/openstd.samr.gov.cn\/bzgk\/gb\/newGbInfo?hcno=6E961C6DB78254EF883B5053D08BFA3B<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_44912_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_44912_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_44912_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_44912_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_44912_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_44912_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_44912_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_44912_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_44912_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_44912_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_44912_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_44912_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_44912_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_44912_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Eric Meier China uses a lot of rosewood. So much so, in fact, that their increasing usage became the impetus for eventually listing the entire Dalbergia (rosewood) genus on CITES Appendix II back in 2016. But while most of these woods are now protected in international trade as endangered species, not all of China&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-44912","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44912"}],"version-history":[{"count":55,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45371,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44912\/revisions\/45371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wood-database.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}